Gambling is an activity that involves risking something of value, such as money or items, based on the outcome of an event that is uncertain and outside one’s control. Some types of gambling involve skills, such as card games or sports betting, but most are chance-based. People may gamble for entertainment, to socialise or as a way to escape from worries and stress. But gambling can be addictive, and some people experience serious consequences as a result. It is important to seek help if you suspect that you or someone close to you has a gambling problem.

Understanding the causes of gambling problems has undergone a major change, parallel to that of the understanding of other addictions. Until recently, individuals who experienced adverse consequences from gambling were often viewed as immoral and weak; now they are more commonly diagnosed with psychological problems. The change has been reflected and stimulated by the evolving clinical classification of pathological gambling in the various editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (called DSM) published by the American Psychiatric Association.

The DSM defines a psychiatric disorder as any of a number of conditions that cause significant distress, impairment and dysfunction in several life areas. These include emotional, family, work and financial functioning, as well as social interaction. The DSM also includes a condition called gambling addiction, which is defined as an irresistible urge to gamble despite the harmful consequences to a person’s life.

Although there is no one form of gambling that is more likely to cause a problem, it is important to understand the underlying factors that can trigger problematic gambling. For example, when gambling, the brain releases dopamine, a feel-good neurotransmitter that enhances a reward-seeking response. This response is enhanced by the anticipation of winning, and it can be difficult for a person to stop gambling when they are feeling this excitement.

In addition, many people gamble to get a high from the adrenaline rush that is associated with making large wagers on events that are largely out of their control. This can be a powerful motivation to continue to gamble, even when it is harming their health, relationships and finances.

There are steps that can be taken to help prevent gambling addiction, including reducing access to money, setting boundaries around spending and reviewing bank and credit card statements. It is also important to build strong support networks and seek treatment or peer support groups like Gamblers Anonymous. This program is modeled after Alcoholics Anonymous and provides support and guidance to recovering gamblers. It is also helpful to write down the reasons why you want to change your gambling habits and revisit them when you are struggling. It is also important to seek professional guidance from a therapist or psychiatrist who can provide support and guidance. In the UK, a GP can refer you to specialist services if necessary. Click here to find out more about the services available in your area.